Application and effect of electronic signature verification technology in children's vaccination clinic / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the application and effect of signature verification technology in children's vaccination clinics (CVC) of Jiangsu Province in 2020. Methods The signature verification data were derived from the Jiangsu Provincial Vaccination Integrated Service Management Information System, and the inquiry and registration, informed consent, vaccine traceability code scanning and observation information of children's vaccination clinics in different regions were analyzed. 210 doses of vaccination information were randomly selected from CVCs in each county, and the length of vaccination services in different regions was compared. Results During 2020, all of CVCs in Jiangsu were equipped with signature verification technology, and the signature verification rate of each vaccination sector was more than 99.90%. The length of outpatient vaccination service and overall length of stay in southern Jiangsu were slightly shorter than those in other regions. Conclusion The introduction of electronic signature verification technology in CVCs can effectively standardize the vaccination. It is necessary to expand the functions of electronic signature verification equipment, strengthen data analysis and utilization, and guide vaccination scientifically.

Mechanism of total flavonoids of Rhododendra simsii in alleviating ischemic brain injury / 中国中药杂志

This study explores the effect of total flavonoids of Rhododendra simsii(TFR) on middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)-induced cerebral injury in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) injury in PC12 cells and the underlying mechanism. The MCAO method was used to induce focal ischemic cerebral injury in rats. Male SD rats were randomized into sham group, model group, and TFR group. After MCAO, TFR(60 mg·kg~(-1)) was administered for 3 days. The content of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1(IL-1), and interleukin-6(IL-6) in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The pathological changes of brain tissue and cerebral infarction were observed based on hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of calcium release-activated calcium channel modulator 1(ORAI1), stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1), stromal intera-ction molecule 2(STIM2), protein kinase B(PKB), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(caspase-3) in brain tissues. The OGD/R method was employed to induce injury in PC12 cells. Cells were randomized into the normal group, model group, gene silencing group, TFR(30 μg·mL~(-1)) group, and TFR(30 μg·mL~(-1))+gene overexpression plasmid group. Intracellular Ca~(2+) concentration and apoptosis rate of PC12 cells were measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The effect of STIM-ORAI-regulated store-operated calcium entry(SOCE) pathway on TFR was explored based on gene silencing and gene overexpression techniques. The results showed that TFR significantly alleviated the histopathological damage of brains in MCAO rats after 3 days of admini-stration, reduced the contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in the serum, down-regulated the expression of ORAI1, STIM1, STIM2, and caspase-3 genes, and up-regulated the expression of PKB gene in brain tissues of MCAO rats. TFR significantly decreased OGD/R induced Ca~(2+) overload and apoptosis in PC12 cells. However, it induced TFR-like effect by ORAI1, STIM1 and STIM2 genes silencing. However, overexpression of these genes significantly blocked the effect of TFR in reducing Ca~(2+) overload and apoptosis in PC12 cells. In summary, in the early stage of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and OGD/R-induced injury in PC12 cells TFR attenuates ischemic brain injury by inhibiting the STIM-ORAI-regulated SOCE pathway and reducing Ca~(2+) overload and inflammatory factor expression, and apoptosis.

Molecular mechanism of ligustilide attenuating OGD/R injury in PC12 cells by inhibiting ferroptosis / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of ligustilide, the main active constituent of essential oils of traditional Chinese medicine Angelicae Sinensis Radix, on alleviating oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R) injury in PC12 cells from the perspective of ferroptosis. OGD/R was induced in vitro, and 12 h after ligustilide addition during reperfusion, cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. DCFH-DA staining was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS). Western blot was employed to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11), and ferritinophagy-related proteins, nuclear receptor coactivator 4(NCOA4), ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3). The fluorescence intensity of LC3 protein was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The content of glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), and Fe was detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The effect of ligustilide on ferroptosis was observed by overexpression of NCOA4 gene. The results showed that ligustilide increased the viability of PC12 cells damaged by OGD/R, inhibited the release of ROS, reduced the content of Fe and MDA and the expression of TFR1, NCOA4, and LC3, and improved the content of GSH and the expression of GPX4, SLC7A11, and FTH1 compared with OGD/R group. After overexpression of the key protein NCOA4 in ferritinophagy, the inhibitory effect of ligustilide on ferroptosis was partially reversed, indicating that ligustilide may alleviate OGD/R injury of PC12 cells by blocking ferritinophagy and then inhibiting ferroptosis. The mechanism by which ligustilide reduced OGD/R injury in PC12 cells is that it suppressed the ferroptosis involved in ferritinophagy.

The cognitive interview method in cultural adjustment of the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life Scale / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life (PANQOL) Scale, and to promote the consistency of Chinese-English scale language expression.Methods:By objective sampling method, 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria were used as the subjects to conduct one-to-one cognitive interviews to explore the understanding of the contents of the PANQOL scale. The consistency of the items of the scale and its response scale, as well as the possible problems of the scale. According to the interview results, the Chinese version of the PANQOL scale was established by optimizing the items, expressions and words used.Results:Two rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted in this study. The results of the first round showed that the items of the scale were not set properly and the 8 items appeared "understanding difference, non-verbal expression" and so on. The second round of interviews showed that the revised scale items were more similar to the original scale.Conclusions:Cognitive interview is helpful for researchers to find out the problems of the Chinese version PANQOL scale in the process of filling out the target population, and to guide the group to revise the items in doubt, so that the language of the scale after cultural adjustment is easy to understand, the expression is more local, and finally the quality of the scale is improved.

Effect of Rhein on AQP4 and Microglia Mediated Inflammatory Response in Cerebral Ischemia Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of rhein on aquaporin 4 （AQP4） and brain edema after cerebral ischemia and the role of microglia-mediated inflammation in this process. Method:The modified thread embolization method was selected to establish the cerebral ischemia model of the right middle cerebral artery embolism （MCAO） in rats. The rats were divided into sham operation group， model group， minocycline group， and high， medium and low-dose rhein groups （3.46，1.73，0.865 mg·kg^-1）. The neurobehavioral function was measured by a modified neurobehavioral score. Wet and dry weight methods were used to measure the changes of water content in brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemic injury. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of interferon-<italic>γ</italic> （IFN-<italic>γ</italic>） and interleukin-2 （IL-2） in the peripheral ischemic area of rats in each group. Immunofluorescence double labeling method was used to detect the expressions and localization of microglia fine markers Iba-1 and AQP4. Result:Compared with the sham operation group， neurological function score and water content on the side of brain tissue injury of the model group were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the model group， the neurological function score and the water content of the brain tissue of each drug group were reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with sham operation group， the protein expressions of IFN-<italic>γ</italic> and IL-2 in the model group increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the model group， the protein expressions of IFN-<italic>γ</italic> and IL-2 in the peripheral area of cerebral ischemia of each drug group were significantly improved （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Immunofluorescence double staining results showed that compared with the sham operation group， the model group showed significant increase in the fluorescence expression of AQP4 protein on activated microglia， while each drug group could reduce the fluorescence expression of AQP4 protein on activated microglia， different levels of activated microglia markers Iba-1 and AQP4 were co-localized in the peripheral area of cerebral ischemia in each group. Conclusion:Rhein could reduce the degree of brain edema caused by cerebral ischemic injury， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and the down-regulation of AQP4 expression.

Response inhibition function in patients with drug-naive bulimia nervosa / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the change of response inhibition function in patients with drug-naive bulimia nervosa (BN) and its relationship with eating disorders and self-reporting impulsiveness. Methods • Thirty-five drug-naive BN patients who accepted psychological counseling in Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between Aug. 2018 and Jun. 2019, and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The eating disorder and impulsiveness were compared between the two groups by using the Chinese version of Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) and Barrett Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), respectively. The stop signal task (SST) was used to assess response inhibition function. The scale scores and SST results were compared between the two groups, and the correlation of stop signal reaction time (SSRT) with BIS-11 score, EDE-Q 6.0 score, the age of onset and the duration of illness was analyzed. Results • Compared with the HC group, the BN group demonstrated significantly longer SSRT in the SST (P=0.003), and had a higher total score of BIS-11 (P=0.004), attentional impulsiveness score (P=0.008) and non-planning impulsiveness score (P=0.002). SSRT was positively associated with the age of onset (r=0.503,P=0.006), negatively associated with the score of weight concern subscale (r=-0.337, P=0.048), and not correlated with the BIS-11 score and the duration of illness in drug-naive BN patients. Conclusion • Drug-naive BN patients have high impulsiveness, and their defects in response inhibition are associated with the age of onset and weight concern.

Multistep translation and cultural adaptation of the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life scale in Chinese / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To translate and culturally adapt the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life (PANQOL) scale into Chinese, and introduce the first specific evaluation tool for the quality of life of acoustic neuroma patients.@*Methods@#Based on strict scale introduction requirements (scale preparation, translation, cultural adaptation and performance evaluation), elaborate on the multistep translation model (forward translation, synthesis, back translation, back translation review, comprehensive coordination) and cultural adaptation process (expert committee, preliminary experiment) to the preliminary experiments PANQOL scale in Chinese version. A preliminary survey and cognitive interview were conducted on 30 patients with acoustic neuroma, and the scale was further revised to establish the Chinese version of PANQOL scale.@*Results@#The translation validity index of each item (I-TVI) in the Chinese version of the PANQOL scale was 96%-100%, and the translation validity index at the scale level (S-TVI) was 100%, reaching the translation standard. The PANQOL scale of 30 patients in the preliminary experiment was generally divided into 73.75 ± 12.12.@*Conclusions@#The multistep translation and cultural adaptation of PANQOL scale is a complex and time consuming process. Strict implementation of this process can ensure the quality of the scale introduction. The performance of the Chinese version of PANQOL scale needs to be studied and evaluated by expanding the sample size latterly.

Immunogenicity and safety of co-immunization with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and influenza virus split vaccine for children aged 3-7 years / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in preschoolers.@*Methods@#A total of 1 035 children aged 3-7 years were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into three groups, inoculated PPV23, TIV and both, respectively. A one-year follow-up study was conducted for immunogenicity and safety analysis.@*Results@#A total of 1 035 serological specimens were collected, including 327 in PPV23 group, 348 in TIV group and 360 in concomitant vaccination group. No significant differences in geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of seven pneumococcal serotypes were observed between the PPV23 group and the concomitant vaccination group. Compared with the TIV group, the concomitant vaccination group showed higher serological conversion rate of H3 type (88.75% vs 84.20%, P=0.01), but lower serological conversion rate of B type (92.84% vs 98.56%, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the primary adverse reactions between the three groups (P=0.197). The rate of secondary adverse reactions occurred in the concomitant vaccination group was 3.61%, which was higher than that of the other two groups (both P<0.001). All adverse reactions were mild or moderate, and cured after treatment.@*Conclusions@#Concomitant immunization with PPV23 and TIV is safe and have good immunogenicity, thus a viable immune strategy for susceptible children.

Immunogenicity and safety of co-immunization with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and influenza virus split vaccine for children aged 3-7 years / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPV23) and trivalent influenza vaccine ( TIV) in pre-schoolers. Methods A total of 1035 children aged 3-7 years were enrolled in this study and randomly di-vided into three groups, inoculated PPV23, TIV and both, respectively. A one-year follow-up study was conducted for immunogenicity and safety analysis. Results A total of 1035 serological specimens were col-lected, including 327 in PPV23 group, 348 in TIV group and 360 in concomitant vaccination group. No sig-nificant differences in geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of seven pneumococcal serotypes were observed between the PPV23 group and the concomitant vaccination group. Compared with the TIV group, the con-comitant vaccination group showed higher serological conversion rate of H3 type (88. 75％ vs 84. 20％ , P=0. 01), but lower serological conversion rate of B type (92. 84％ vs 98. 56％ , P<0. 001). There was no significant difference in the primary adverse reactions between the three groups (P = 0. 197). The rate of secondary adverse reactions occurred in the concomitant vaccination group was 3. 61％ , which was higher than that of the other two groups (both P<0. 001). All adverse reactions were mild or moderate, and cured after treatment. Conclusions Concomitant immunization with PPV23 and TIV is safe and have good immu-nogenicity, thus a viable immune strategy for susceptible children.

Tiaoxin Recipe, a Chinese herbal formula, inhibits microRNA-34a expression in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of Tiaoxin Recipe (a Chinese herbal formula) treatment on Alzheimer's disease (AD).@*METHODS@#Twelve-week-old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double transgenic mice were used as a model of AD-afflicted mice. One group of mice was treated with Tiaoxin Recipe by gastrogavage for 12 weeks, while two other groups were given intraperitoneal injections of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or FK866 for 4 weeks. Morris water maze and thioflavin S staining tests were performed to evaluate cognitive impairment and amyloid plaque deposition, respectively. Serum amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) content was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine the expression levels of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in cortex and hippocampus samples of the study mice.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal control group, the memory and learning abilities of the APP/PS1 model group were found to be impaired (P < 0.01), as shown by the increased levels of senile plaque deposition in cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.01), miR-34a expression (P < 0.01) and serum Aβ1-42 content (P < 0.01). Treatment with Tiaoxin Recipe significantly reduced memory impairment (P < 0.01) by reducing amyloid plaque accumulation in cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.01), miR-34a expression (P < 0.01) and serum Aβ1-42 content (P < 0.01) in APP/PS1 mice.@*CONCLUSION@#Tiaoxin Recipe is a viable complementary or alternative therapeutic treatment that is capable of delaying the development of early-stage AD by inhibiting the expression of miR-34a.

Multistep translation and cultural adaptation of the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life scale in Chinese / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To translate and culturally adapt the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life (PANQOL) scale into Chinese, and introduce the first specific evaluation tool for the quality of life of acoustic neuroma patients. Methods Based on strict scale introduction requirements (scale preparation, translation, cultural adaptation and performance evaluation), elaborate on the multistep translation model (forward translation, synthesis, back translation, back translation review, comprehensive coordination) and cultural adaptation process (expert committee, preliminary experiment) to the preliminary experiments PANQOL scale in Chinese version. A preliminary survey and cognitive interview were conducted on 30 patients with acoustic neuroma, and the scale was further revised to establish the Chinese version of PANQOL scale. Results The translation validity index of each item (I-TVI) in the Chinese version of the PANQOL scale was 96%-100% , and the translation validity index at the scale level (S-TVI) was 100%, reaching the translation standard. The PANQOL scale of 30 patients in the preliminary experiment was generally divided into 73.75 ± 12.12. Conclusions The multistep translation and cultural adaptation of PANQOL scale is a complex and time consuming process. Strict implementation of this process can ensure the quality of the scale introduction. The performance of the Chinese version of PANQOL scale needs to be studied and evaluated by expanding the sample size latterly.

Clinicopathologic features with collecting duct carcinoma of kidney: report of 10 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To study the pathological features, immunophenotypes, differential diagnoses and prognostic parameters of collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney (CDC).@*Methods@#Clinical imaging, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and survival data of 10 patients at First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2009 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed along with a review of literatures.@*Results@#The clinical symptoms of CDC were not specific, and image examinations showed space-occupying mass lesions. Tumors were mainly located in renal medulla with grey and firm cut face and the presence of focal hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, there were predominant tubular or tubular-papillary structures with associated focal sarcomatoid areas, desmoplastic stromal reaction and lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration. Tumor cells had marked cytological atypia with high grade nuclei, conspicuous nucleolus and numerous mitoses. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly positive for CK19, E-cadherin, vimentin, HCK, CK7 and PAX8. The main treatment was radical nephrectomy in the patients. Seven cases died of CDC with median survival of 10 months.@*Conclusions@#CDC is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy of kidney with poor prognosis. Definitive diagnosis should be made by histology and immunohistochemistry. Differential diagnoses include papillary renal cell carcinoma(type Ⅱ), renal medullary carcinoma, infiltrating high grade urothelial carcinoma, renal pelvis adenocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinomas.

3D bioprinting: appIications in ceIIs, scaffoIds and bone tissue engineering / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: 3D bioprinting is one of 3D printing technologies. Its characteristics are to plant biological materials or living cells in specific location to construct tissues and organs with complete biological functions. Until now, 3D bioprinting has been used to successfully produce various biological scaffolds, including bone tissue. In recent years, 3D bioprinting technology develops rapidly, which provides good prospects to regeneration and repair using tissue-engineered bone. OBJECTIVE: To systemically introduce 3D bioprinting, to briefly clarify its fundamental principles, to summarize its current mainstream molding technologies and materials as well as their application in bone tissue engineering, and to discuss current bottleneck of 3D bioprinting in bone tissue engineering, providing reference for the development of regenerative medicine. METHODS: We searched CNKI, WanFang, PubMed databases for relevant articles published from 2005 to 2017. The keywords were "3D bioprinting, 3D bioprinted, bioink, bone tissue engineering, scaffold" in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 3D bioprinting technology develops rapidly, which provides good prospect for future bone repair and transplantation. However, there are still several deficiencies, such as expensive printing equipment, laggard technology, strict requirements for bio-ink and medical team cooperation. Therefore, only depending on constant innovation in technological levels and material development, can 3D bioprinting make a further leap.

Investigating the relationship between the portal venous systemic thrombosis in early acute pancreatitis and the severity and classification of acute pancreatitis using MRI / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To study the portal venous systemic thrombosis (PVST) in early acute pancreatitis (AP) and its correlations with the classification and severity of AP. Methods A total of 396 patients with AP were admitted to the affiliated hospital of north sichuan medical college from January 2013 to May 2017 and underwent MRI in the early stage of AP. PVST was evaluated on the T1WI, T2WI fat-suppression, and dynamic-enhancement sequences. Evaluating the MR imaging, AP was graded as mild, moderate, and severe AP based on the MR severity index (MRSI) and was also classified into interstitial edematous AP and necrotizing AP. According to the New Revised Classification of AP 2012, AP in the clinic setting was graded as mild, moederately severeand severe AP. χ2 test or Fisher exact test calculated the differences of the prevalence of PVST in different severity and classification of AP, Mann-Whitney U test calculated the difference of hospitalization time between patients with PVST and those without PVST. Results Among the 396 patients with AP, PVST was detected in 30 patients (7.5％,30/396), it formed most frequently in splenic vein(73.3％, 22/30), followed by portal (30.0％, 9/30) and superior mesenteric(16.7％, 5/30) veins. According to MRSI, there were 205, 177, and 14 patients with mild, moderate, and severe AP, respectively;among mild, moderate, and severe AP, there were 2, 21, and 7 patients with PVST, respectively (χ2=41.455, P<0.01), there were also statistical differences in the prevalence of portal and splenic vein thrombosis (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the prevalence of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (P>0.05). Three hundred and eleven patients had interstitial edematous AP and 65 patients had necrotizing AP, among which there were 11 and 19 patients with PVST(χ2=48.447,P<0.01), the prevalence of portal, splenic and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis in necrotizing AP were all higher than that in interstitial edematous AP (P<0.05). Based on the New Revised Classification of AP 2012, there were 194, 184 and 18 patients with mild, moderately severe, and severe AP, respectively; among mild, moderately severe, and severe AP, there were 0, 25, and 5 patients with PVST, respectively (χ2=42.130, P<0.01), there was no statistical differences in the prevalence of portal, splenic and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (P>0.05). Patients with PVST and those without PVST in the early AP, the hospitalization time [median (interquartile range)] were 18 (13 to 22) days and 13 (10 to 19) days (Z=-2.913, P=0.004). Conclusion PVST in early AP presented more frequently with the increase in severity of AP based on both the MRSI and Newly Revised Classification of AP 2012, along with longer duration ofhospitalization.

Research progress of health education in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation / 中国实用护理杂志

This paper reviews the current status of health education intervention, health education intervention model and evaluation indicators of intervention effect in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in China.By analysing the existing problems in the health education of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, this artical will provide the basis for exploring the new health education mode ,so as to improve the effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation and the patients′quality of life.

Study on prevalence of malnutrition and related risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus -infected children in China / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV )‐infected children in China , and to explore and analyze the factors associated with malnutrition .Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted by the antiretroviral treatment database of children .HIV‐infected children aged between 0 - 15 years old who initiated antiretroviral treatment were collected between January 1st , 2010 and December 31st , 2014 . Z‐score of height and weight were calculated by WHO Anthro (plus) software .Univariate and multivariate Logistic model analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with acute /chronic/mixed malnutrition .Results Baseline data of the 3 138 HIV‐infected children showed that 1 645 patients (52 .42% ) had malnutrition before antiretroviral treatment ,with acute ,chronic and mixed malnutrition of 8 .76% (275) ,39 .77% (1 248) and 3 .89% (122) ,respectively according to the type of malnutrition .Multivariate analysis showed that baseline CD4 + cell count < 200 cells/μL was the risk factor associated with acute malnutrition (aOR =2 .27 ,95% CI :1 .68 - 3 .06) ;rural settings (aOR = 1 .30 ,95% CI :1 .11 - 1 .53) ,baseline CD4 + cell count < 200 cells/μL (aOR = 1 .98 ,95% CI :1 .65 - 2 .38) ,baseline CD4 + cell count between 200 to 350 cells/μL (aOR = 1 .38 ,95% CI :1 .13 - 1 .69) and having AIDS‐related diseases (aOR = 1 .34 ,95%CI :1 .13 - 1 .59) were risk factors associated with chronic malnutrition ;and age of 11 - 15 years (aOR =2 .38 ,95% CI :1 .46 - 3 .88) ,baseline CD4 + cell count < 200 cells/μL (aOR = 4 .99 ,95% CI :3 .04 -8 .21) and having AIDS‐related diseases (aOR = 2 .45 ,95% CI :1 .65 - 3 .66) were risk factors associated with mixed malnutrition .Conclusions The prevalence of malnutrition in untreated HIV‐infected children remains high .All three types of malnutrition are associated with immunodeficiency .Early diagnosis and early treatment should be improved in HIV‐infected children through antiviral therapy to reduce the destruction of HIV to immune system .At the same time ,intensified monitoring of the nutritional status and nourishing undernourished children should be strengthened to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition .

Protective effect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injuries induced by hyperoside preconditioning and its relationship with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in rats / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the protective effect of preconditioning with hyperoside ( Hyp) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats and the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. MIRI was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min in rats. Male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group,model group (MIRI),Hyp preconditioning group(Hyp), Hyp preconditioning + LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor) group (Hyp + LY), and LY294002 group (LY). At the end of reperfusion, hemodynamic parameters were recorded as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) , left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP) and maximal rate of increase and decrease of left ventricular pressure (± dP/dt(max)). Myocardial infaret size, the oxidative stress markers, myocardial enzymes indicators and inflammatory factors were also analyzed. The expressions of Akt, p-Akt, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins was detected by using Western blot method. The results showed that Hyp preconditioning remarkably improved cardiac constriction and relaxation function, reduced myocardial infarct size and enhanced the activities of oxidative stress markers about correlated to MIRI, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) as compared with MIRI group. Simultaneouly, the levels of myocardial enzymes, i. e. creatine kinase ( CK) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), and inflammatory factors, for instance tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were decreased. Hyp pretreatment apparently restrained myocardial apoptosis as evidenced by decreasing the level of Bax expression, increasing the levels of phosphorylation of Akt and Bcl-2 expression. These effects were inhibited by LY294002, a blocker of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings indicated that the cardioprotection of Hyp preconditioning against MIRI may be related to activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, upregulating the expression of BCL-2 protein and down-regulating the expression of Bax protein.

Effects and mechanisms of hyperoside on vascular endothelium function in middle cerebral arteries of rats ex vivo / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of hyperoside (Hyp) on the vascular endothelium function in middle cerebral artery (MCA) ex vivo in rats. Isolated arterial segments from MCAs of rats were used for surveying vasomotoricity in a pressurized chamber. Transmembrane potential was recorded by using glass microelectrodes to evaluate hyperpolarization. Hyp (1 x 10(-6)-1 x 10(-4) mol . L-1) was utilized to observe the effect on 1 x 10(-7) mol . L-1 U46619-preconstricted MCA in rats. The results showed that 1 x 10(-6)-1 x 10(-4) mol . L-1 Hyp significantly induced concentration-dependent vasodilatation and hyperpolarization, leading to the maximal diastolic ratio of (73. 2 ± 6. 1)% and maximal changes in membrane potentials of (-13. 2 ± 2. 2) mV. Hyp still elicited vasorelaxation and hyperpolarization by removal of endothelium in MCA of rat, which was notably attenuated as compared with vascular endothelium-intact group (P <0. 01). In the MCAs preconstricted by U46619 (1 x 10(-7) mol . L-1), Hyp (1 x 10(-6)-1 x 10(-4) mol . L-1) produced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation and hyperpolarizition that were partially attenuated by 3 x 10(-5) mol . L-1 L-NAME(a NOS inhibitor) plus 1 x 10(-5) mol . L-1 PGI2 ,(a synthetase inhibitor). The residual effects were further decreased by 1 x 10(-3) mol . L-1 TEA (an inhibitor of Ca2+-activated potassium channel) or 1 x 10(-5) mol . L-1 PPG (a blocker of endogenous H2S synthese-CSE). Similarly, 1 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-3) mol . L-1 NaHS (a donor of exogenous H2S) or 1 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-3) mol . L-1 L-Cys (the substrate of endogenous H2S synthesis) obviously evoked dose-dependent vasodilatation and hyperpolarization of MCA in rats. These findings indicated that Hyp may induce endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent responses. And the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation may be related to the increases of endogenous H2S that has been promoted Hyp in the endotheliocyte of MCAs, and activated Kca and opening of Kca channels, resulting in the hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane and subsequent reduction of Ca2+ influx and vasodilation.

Expression of CD123 and CD114 on the bone marrow cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Recent studies have shown that interleukin-3 receptor alpha (CD123) is highly expressed on leukemia stem cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and is correlated with tumor load and poor prognosis. The expression of CD123 may also be high in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In this study, the expression and clinical significance of CD123 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor (CD114) on the bone marrow cells of patients with MDS were investigated to explore the molecular marker of the malignant clone of MDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two patients with MDS, who were diagnosed in the Hematological Department of General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 2008 to 2009, and twelve normal controls were enrolled in this study. Fluorescence activiated cell sorter (FACS) was used to measure the expression of CD123 on CD34(+)CD38(-) cells and CD114 on CD34(+) cells of the bone marrow of these patients and controls and the clinical significance was analyzed. The expression of CD114 on CD123(+)CD34(+)CD38(-) cells was further measured to explore the molecular marker of the malignant clone in MDS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MDS patients displayed significantly higher proportion of CD34(+)CD38(-)/CD34(+) ((14.03 +/- 5.27)%) than normal controls ((7.70 +/- 4.36)%, P < 0.05). The expression rate of CD123(+)CD34(+)CD38(-)/CD34(+)CD38(-) was significantly higher in MDS patients ((48.39 +/- 28.15)%) than that in normal controls ((8.75 +/- 11.71)%, P < 0.01). The expression level of CD123 was significantly correlated with the proportion of bone marrow blasts (r = 0.457, P < 0.05). The expression rate of CD114(+)CD34(+)/CD34(+) was lower in MDS patients ((33.05 +/- 21.71)%) than that in normal controls ((38.99 +/- 19.07)%) but was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The expression of CD114 on CD123(+)CD34(+)CD38(-) cells ((34.82 +/- 29.58)%) was significantly lower than that on CD123(-)CD34(+)CD38(-) cells ((53.48 +/- 27.41)%) of MDS patients (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MDS patients displayed higher proportion of CD34(+)CD38(-)/CD34(+) than normal controls. CD123 was highly expressed in the bone marrow of the patients with MDS, significantly correlated with the proportion of bone marrow blasts, and thus might be the marker of MDS malignant clone. CD123(+)CD34(+)CD38(-) cells exhibited lower expression of G-CSF receptors, which might partly explain why MDS clone responds worse to G-CSF in vitro and in vivo.</p>

Clinical observation on effect of shenqi fanghou recipe in preventing and treating radiation injury in patients with head and neck tumor / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of shenqi fanghou recipe (SFR) in preventing and treating radiation injury in patients with head and neck tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty patients with head and neck tumor, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, carcinoma of tonsil or tongue, were randomly divided into 2 groups, 70 patients in the observed group were given modified SFR as adjuvant to radiotherapy, while 70 patients in the control group were treated with radiotherapy alone. The radiation reactions during radiotherapy and the condition of late stage radiation injury radiotherapy in patients in the 2 groups were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The degree of oropharyngeal mucosa reaction, dryness in mouth and radiation dermatitis in cervical region in the observed group was milder than those in the control group, and the radiation injury induced late stage sequelae, such as the degree of mouth-opening was better and the cervical muscular sclerosis was better in the observed group than in the control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SFR has definite effect in preventing and treating radiation reaction and late stage radiation injury in patients with head and neck tumor.</p>